A Reanalysis of the Diverse Sodium Species in Carbon Anodes for Sodium Ion Batteries: A Thermodynamic View

Sodium ion batteries (SIBs) have been extensively investigated as a promising alternative for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) owing to the readily available character of sodium, lower costs of battery systems, as well as a similar working mechanism to LIBs. However, this view turns out to be oversimplified; countless reviews especially in the last years contradict each other, and it is still a challenging task to design highly performing electrode...