Coexistence between selected pathogens in honey bee workers

The aim of the study was to determine the occurrence of Nosema apis, N. ceranae, Lotmaria passim, Crithidia mellificae and Varroa destructor pathogens in bee colonies located in areas with different floral sources of pollen, and to identify the correlations between these pathogens. The study was conducted in three Polish regions: Warmia and Mazury (A), Mazowsze (B) and Wielkopolska (C). Three apiaries were analyzed in each region: A1, A2 and A3...