Influence of Loading Rate on the Failure Characteristics of Composite Coal–Rock Specimens Under Quasi-static Loading Conditions

Interbedded rock layers are a typical geological structure in coal measures. In underground mining practices, the disturbance resulting from the extraction of long-wall panels changes the loading rate of roof–coal structures. To investigate the mechanical behavior and failure characteristics of roof–coal structures under different loading rates, composite coal–rock specimens with a height ratio of 1:1 was prepared and loaded under uniaxial...