Multiple pathways are responsible to the inhibitory effect of butorphanol on OGD/R‐induced apoptosis in AC16 cardiomyocytes

Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of cardiovascular mortality, which is related to cardiac myocyte apoptosis. Butorphanol is an opioid receptor agonist with potential cardioprotective function. The purpose of this work is to explore the function and mechanism of butorphanol in oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R)-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. The overlapping targets of ischemic heart disease and butorphanol were...