Canopy

Statistics

Machine learning

Materials science

Artificial intelligence

Composite material

Range (aeronautics)

Remote sensing

Deep learning

Archaeology

Lidar

Meteorology

Mathematics

Regression

Geography

Probabilistic logic

Computer science

Environmental science

Remote Sensing of Environment

NASA's Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) is a key climate mission whose goal is to advance our understanding of the role of forests in the global carbon cycle. While GEDI is the first space-based LIDAR explicitly optimized to measure vertical forest structure predictive of aboveground biomass, the accurate interpretation of this vast amount of waveform data across the broad range of observational and environmental conditions is challenging. Here, we present a novel supervised machine learning approach to interpret GEDI waveforms and regress canopy top height globally. We propose a probabilistic deep learning approach based on an ensemble of deep convolutional neural networks(CNN) to avoid the explicit modelling of unknown effects, such as atmospheric noise. The model learns to extract robust features that generalize to unseen geographical regions and, in addition, yields reliable estimates of predictive uncertainty. Ultimately, the global canopy top height estimates produced by our model have an expected RMSE of 2.7 m with low bias.

Global canopy height regression and uncertainty estimation from GEDI LIDAR waveforms with deep ensembles