S1 Machine Learning for Classification of Indeterminate Biliary Strictures During Cholangioscopy

Introduction: Indeterminate biliary strictures remain a diagnostic challenge despite advancements in radiologic, endoscopic, and laboratory testing. More than 25% of patients presumed to have malignant strictures during cholangioscopy show benign pathology after major surgical intervention. Interpretation of the visual findings during cholangioscopy remains challenging even for experienced endoscopists. We therefore aimed to develop a software...