Characterization of diphenyl phthalate as an agonist for estrogen receptor: an in vitro and in silico study

Phthalate esters (PAEs) are important pollutants in the environment, which can interfere with the endocrine system by mimicking estrogen. However, limited information is available on modulating the estrogen receptor (ER) of five PAEs including di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), diisononyl phthalate (DINP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), diphenyl phthalate (DPhP) and dicyclohexyl phthalate (DCHP). This study evaluated the agonistic effects of...