The protein 4.1R downregulates VEGFA in M2 macrophages to inhibit colon cancer metastasis

M2 macrophages are crucial components of the tumour microenvironment and have been shown to be closely related to tumour progression. Co-culture with 4.1R-/- M2 macrophages enhances the malignancy of colon cancer (CC), but the mechanism remains unclear. Here, we report that protein 4.1R knockout reduced the phagocytosis of M2 macrophages (M-CSF/IL-4-treated bone marrow cells) and promoted MC38 colon cancer cell proliferation, migration,...