Metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases: Going beyond traditional risk factors

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a chronic non-infective syndrome characterised clinically by a set of vascular risk factors that include insulin resistance, hypertension, abdominal obesity, impaired glucose metabolism, and dyslipidaemia. These risk factors are due to a pro-inflammatory state, oxidative stress, haemodynamic dysfunction, and ischaemia, which overlap in 'dysmetabolic' patients. This review aimed to evaluate the relationship between the...