Impact of the ileal microbiota on colon cancer

Besides tumor cell–intrinsic oncogenic pathways, host and environmental factors have a major impact on cancer immunosurveillance and the efficacy of immunotherapeutics. Several modalities of anticancer treatments including immunogenic chemotherapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors lose their efficacy in patients treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics, pointing to a key role for the gut microbiota. The complex interactions between intestinal...