The impact of preoperative percutaneous nephrostomy as a treatment strategy before flexible ureteroscopy for impacted upper ureteral stones with hydronephrosis

The treatment of impacted upper ureteral stones with hydronephrosis remains a challenge for urologists. The current study aimed to evaluate the impact of preoperative percutaneous nephrostomy (PNS) as a treatment strategy before flexible ureteroscopy (f-URS) of asymptomatic impacted upper ureteral stones with hydronephrosis.This multicenter retrospective study included patients who underwent PNS (group A, n=61) and those who did not (group B,...