Single-entry two-stage rotational outside-in technique for simultaneous ventriculostomy and pineal region biopsy using traditional ventricular endoscope: technical note and comparative review

Many methods are reported for simultaneous endoscopic 3rd ventriculostomy and posterior 3rd ventricular biopsy with their pros and cons. We describe a novel single-entry two-stage rotational outside-in technique using the common 6° ventriculoscope and contrast this with others.Using a single burr hole, at the line extended from aqueduct through the larger foramen of Monro in parasagittal imaging, the ventricular endoscope is first inserted with...