REIC/Dkk-3 Gene Therapy Induces Immunogenic Cell Death in a Mouse Model of Malignant Mesothelioma

Background/Aim: The adenovirus vector– carrying reduced expression in immortalized cell (REIC) gene (Ad-REIC) increases endoplasmic reticulum stress chaperone GRP78/BiP expression and induces the JNK-mediated apoptotic pathway. We aimed to determine whether Ad-REIC–induced apoptotic cell death can trigger immunogenic cell death (ICD). Materials and Methods: We examined the emission of damage-associated molecular patterns in vitro and the...