Disruption of the mouse Bmal1 locus promotes heterotopic ossification with aging via TGF-beta/BMP signaling

Heterotopic ossification of tendons and ligaments is a painful and debilitating disease with no effective treatment. Although aging has been reported to be correlated with the occurrence and development of this disease, the mechanism remains unknown. In the present study, we generated Bmal1-/- mice, which disrupted the circadian clock and displayed premature aging, as an aging model to explore the role of Bmal1 in TGF-beta (β)/BMP signaling in...