Guaiacol Hydrodeoxygenation over Iron–Ceria Catalysts with Platinum Single-Atom Alloy Clusters as a Promoter

A series of ceria-supported Fe catalysts with a trace amount of noble-metal modification (NM–Fe/CeO2, NM = Pt, Ir, Pd, Rh, and Ru) were prepared by the co-impregnation method and used for guaiacol hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) to phenolic compounds at 673 K and atmospheric pressure. In the absence of H2O, the addition of noble metal improved the initial activities but showed severer deactivation than Fe/CeO2. Conversely, the addition of water showed...