Immobilization of Trametes versicolor laccase on chitosan/halloysite as a biocatalyst in the Remazol Red RR dye

In this study, the laccase obtained from Trametes versicolor was immobilized onto the chitosan(CTS)/halloysite (HNT) beads. In the immobilization step, the effects of chitosan (1–3% w/v), halloysite (0–2% w/v), glutaraldehyde (0.5–1.5% v/v) and enzyme concentrations (1–3%) on loading and immobilization efficiency were investigated. SEM, FT-IR, XRD, TGA and XPS analyses were performed to examine the structure of beads. In addition, the effects of...