Neuroimaging, hormonal and genetic biomarkers for pathological aggression — success or failure?

Aggression affects nearly all mental disorders and constitutes a burden for society in general and the mental health sector in particular. An incomplete understanding of its underlying neurobiological mechanisms limits treatment efficacy and hinders the development of precision medicine approaches. Here we review recent efforts employing neuroimaging, hormonal and (epi)genetic data to develop biomarkers for aggression. Our goal is to discuss...