Photovoltaics

Agronomy

Biology

Computer science

Photovoltaic system

Botany

Macroeconomics

Irrigation

Engineering

Economics

Electricity

Environmental science

Production (economics)

Sustainable agriculture

Nexus (standard)

Photosynthesis

Sustainability

Agricultural engineering

Photosynthetically active radiation

Embedded system

Computer security

Ecology

Electrical engineering

Key (lock)

Journal of Cleaner Production

Agrivoltaic systems represent a key technology for reaching sustainable development goals, by reducing the competition of land used for food versus land used for electricity. Moreover, agrivoltaic systems are at the centre of the nexus between electricity production, crop production, and irrigation water savings. In this study, an optimisation model for vertically mounted agrivoltaic systems with bifacial photovoltaic modules is developed. The model combines three main sub-models: solar radiation and shadings, photovoltaics, and crop yield. Validation of the sub-models is performed showing good agreement with measured data and commercial software. The optimisation model is set as multi objective to explore the trade-offs between competing agrivoltaic key performance indicators. Oats and potatoes are used as reference crops in this study. The results show that the row distance between bifacial photovoltaic module structures significantly affects the photosynthetically active radiation distribution. The resulti...

Optimisation of vertically mounted agrivoltaic systems