Cooperative intentions and their implications on reciprocal cooperation in Norway rats

One way to cooperate with others and avoid exploitation is reciprocal cooperation. Reciprocity is the selective helping of those who were cooperative before, which is commonly based on outcomes. Yet, outcomes may not reflect intentions, that is if an individual is unable but willing to help. Humans, including children, show such intention‐based reciprocity. However, it is unclear whether other animals consider intentions in reciprocal settings....