Experimental study on impact signal frequency spectrum and energy distribution characteristics of water-stone flow

Understanding of impact characteristics is the basis of studying the hydrodynamic characteristics of water–rock flow. The impact and vibration characteristics of water-stone flow on protective structures were comprehensively studied in the research presented in this paper using an indoor large-scale test. Five groups (A–E) of graded crushed stone particles, combined with six levels of solid–liquid ratio (0.01, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, and 0.25)...