Modeling on a Three-Way Catalyst Used in Series Hybrid Electric Vehicles Focusing on Its Catalytic Behavior at Cold Start

Exhaust gas from series hybrid electric vehicle (SHEV) engines has characteristics different from those of conventional gasoline and parallel HEVs because there is a trend of iterated intermittent steady-state engine operation at a specific high-efficiency point and engine stop. A catalyst model that can reproduce the purification performance of a close-coupled three-way catalyst against the distinctive emissions of SHEVs was previously...