Efficient kinematic upper-bound limit analysis for hole/inclusion problems by adaptive XIGA with locally refined NURBS

Limit analysis can be used to directly calculate the ultimate load of structures without considering cumbersome elastic–plastic analysis. We present an adaptive mesh refinement strategy by mean of extended isogeometric analysis (XIGA) in association with second-order cone programming (SOCP) for kinematic limit analysis of hole and inclusion problems. The location of hole and inclusion can be captured by level set function without regard for its...