Directional hydraulic fracturing (DHF) using oriented perforations: The role of micro-crack heterogeneity

This study presents numerical investigations about the role of micro-crack heterogeneity in hydraulic fracture (HF) development and directional hydraulic fracturing (DHF) creation. By comparing the results of heterogeneous models (named DFN models) with the associated homogeneous models, the behavior is categorized into three modes: DFN models, which consume more (A), comparable (B), and much lower (C) energy than the associated homogeneous...