Heavy rainfall-related excavation failures in China during 1994 to 2018: An overview

Over the last 30 years, intense rainfall events due to abnormal climate change have brought about numerous excavation failures in the urban areas of China. These heavy rainfall-related engineering failures, characterized by failure or collapse of retaining structures and/or retained slopes, have caused large-scale damages to urban environment as well as injuries and casualties. Thus, a summary of such failures along with corresponding...