Effect of cyclic shearing on contact surfaces of geo-materials under constant normal force

A large amount of research has been done on conforming surfaces in rock joints as well as on the contact between individual grains; however, not much exist in nonconforming contact surfaces subjected to friction, such as flat contacts between ballast particles, stone columns, or riprap; applications that involve the use of coarse gravel subjected to low vertical stresses. Therefore, this article aims to study changes in contact properties...