Fast <i>in vivo</i> fixation of double network hydrogel to bone by monetite surface hybridization

Double network (DN) hydrogels, possessing biocompatibility, low sliding friction, high strength and toughness, are promising as artificial cartilages for next-generation joint disease treatment. For such application, a fast and robust fixation of DN hydrogel to bone tissue in vivo is indispensable. However, bonding the DN hydrogel that contains ∼90 wt % of water to bone is a grand challenge since glues do not work on hydrated surfaces. Recently,...