Simplified solution for viscoelastic-plastic interaction between tunnel support and surrounding rock based on MC and GZZ strength criteria

The surrounding rock often show obvious rheological characteristics when tunneling in high geostress environment, accompanied by large deformation, slow convergence and increasing support pressure. “Yielding-resistance combination” support inspired by the concept of NATM is widely employed in squeezing tunnels which has been successfully implemented to control the large deformation in many high geostress soft rock tunnels. However, some failure...