Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Virtual Surgical Planning in Complex Skull Base Reconstruction for Sphenoid Wing Dysplasia in Neurofibromatosis Type 1

Unilateral sphenoid dysplasia is a rare but distinctive manifestation of neurofibromatosis type 1, causing pulsatile exophthalmos, decreased vision, and facial deformity. Surgical intervention is required to prevent visual deterioration. However, the reconstruction of a complex cranial base defect while fulfilling cosmetic needs is challenging. The asymmetric anatomy impedes identification and preservation of vital structures, and the use of...