Formation of Nonmetallic Inclusions during Ladle Treatment of Pipe Steels

The technology of melting and ladle treatment of pipe steels K56, 09G2S, and KEI55 is analyzed to determine the factors affecting the metal quality and the formation and removal of oxide nonmetallic inclusions (NIs). To determine the causes of increasing the phosphorus content in the metal in an ladle–furnace unit (LFU), we develop a mathematical model to calculate the slag mass entering the metal on tapping from an electric arc furnace (EAF)...