Regulating the interfacial polymerization process toward high-performance polyamide thin-film composite reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membranes: A review

Polyamide (PA) thin-film composite (TFC) reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes are the core elements for the membrane-based desalination technologies. Nowadays, the preparation of TFC membranes is dominated by the interfacial polymerization (IP) process, of which the reaction system is composed of the substrates and the two phases (aqueous and organic phases). For the TFC RO and NF membranes, the improved permselectivity,...