Sex Differences and Estradiol Effects in MAPK and Akt Cell Signaling across Subregions of the Hippocampus

Rapid effects of estrogens within the hippocampus of rodents are dependent upon cell-signaling cascades, and activation of these cascades by estrogens varies by sex. Whether these pathways are rapidly activated within the dentate gyrus (DG) and CA1 by estrogens across sex and the anatomical longitudinal axis has been overlooked.Gonadally intact female and male rats were given either vehicle or physiological systemic low (1.1 µg/kg) or high (37.3...