Biochar from raw and spent common ivy: Impact of preprocessing and pyrolysis temperature on biochar properties

Hedera helix L., the common ivy, is an excellent evergreen climbing plant to be applied in vertical green walls to improve urban ecosystems. These green walls need to be trimmed regularly, yielding a biomass stream, which could be promising as a renewable feedstock for biochar production and the extraction of valuable chemicals. The potential of raw and spent (extracted) common ivy as a biochar feedstock was evaluated using slow pyrolysis at...