Unraveling individual and combined toxicity of nano/microplastics and ciprofloxacin to Synechocystis sp. at the cellular and molecular levels

Although nanoplastics/microplastics (NPs/MPs) may interact with co-contaminants (e.g. antibiotics) in aquatic systems, little is known about their combined toxicity. Here, we compared the individual toxicity of NPs/MPs or ciprofloxacin (CIP, a very commonly detected antibiotic) and their combined toxicity toward a unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. in terms of the cellular responses and metabolomic analysis. We found that CIP exhibited...