Macrophage-targeted nanomedicine for chronic diseases immunotherapy

Macrophage is the key innate immune effector in first-line defense against the pathogens, and can be polarized into different phenotypes to regulate a variety of immunological functions. However, the plasticity of macrophage is extraordinarily recruited, activated, and polarized under pathological conditions, playing paramount roles in occurrence, development, and prognosis of various chronic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA),...