Heart valve disease in hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis syndrome: from immune-mediated degeneration to embolic complications of infective endocarditis—a case report

Background Hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis syndrome (HUVS) is a rare disease due to small vessel inflammation and characterized by chronic urticarial vasculitis and arthritis. Multi-organ manifestations may include glomerulonephritis, ocular inflammation (uveitis, episcleritis), and recurrent abdominal pain. To the best of our knowledge, just other nine cases of HUVS with cardiac valvular involvement have been reported in the...