Subacute cadmium exposure promotes M1 macrophage polarization through oxidative stress-evoked inflammatory response and induces porcine adrenal fibrosis

Cadmium (Cd) is a widely distributed environmental pollutant with immunotoxicity and endocrine toxicity. M1/M2 macrophages participate in the immune response and exert an essential influence on fibrosis. Nevertheless, whether Cd can induce porcineadrenal fibrosis by affecting the polarization of M1/M2 macrophages and its potential regulatory mechanism have not been explored. We added 20 mg/kg CdCl2 to the pig diet for 40 days to investigate the...