Composite number

Epistemology

Physics

Engineering

Philosophy

Carbon fibers

Physical chemistry

Composite material

Power (physics)

Nanotechnology

Electrode

Biochemical engineering

Chemistry

Materials science

Energy density

Electrochemical energy storage

Electrochemistry

Battery (electricity)

Engineering physics

Quantum mechanics

Supercapacitor

Energy storage

Mechanism (biology)

Nano Energy

Li-O2 battery represents one of the promising candidates for beyond Li-ion batteries with ultra-high energy density, possessing great potential for efficient energy storage applications to resolve future energy and environmental issues. Since the initial concept of Li-O2 battery was proposed in 1996, carbon have played a vital role in the development of Li-O2 battery, for both mechanism research and potential applications. In this review, we look into the ongoing progresses that are being made with carbon materials and carbon chemistry in Li-O2 batteries, including material manufacturing, structural properties, electrochemical behavior and mechanism analysis. Meanwhile, we successively examine the electrochemical performance of main families of carbon materials and carbon-based derivatives. It is noteworthy that the design and synthesis strategies for carbon materials and their electrochemical performance in Li-O2 battery are comprehensively reviewed and discussed, together with the challenges being faced and prospects for them. We anticipate that this review could provide a good systematic understanding on carbon in the development of Li−O2 battery.

Irreplaceable carbon boosts Li-O2 batteries: From mechanism research to practical application