Arterial spin labeling for head and neck lesion assessment: technical adjustments and clinical applications

Despite, currently, “state-of-the-art” magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocols for head and neck (H&N) lesion assessment incorporate perfusion sequences, these acquisitions require the intravenous injection of exogenous gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs), which may have potential risks. Alternative techniques such as arterial spin labeling (ASL) can provide quantitative microvascular information similar to conventional perfusion...