mTOR Inhibition Increases Transcription Factor E3 (TFE3) Activity and Modulates Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) Expression in Translocation Renal Cell Carcinoma

The efficacy of programmed death ligand (PD-L)-1/PD-1 checkpoint blockade in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains unknown. The effects of mTOR inhibitors are uncertain, and patients may develop resistance to them. The limited understanding of cancer cell–intrinsic mTOR-mediated pathways remains a challenge in developing effective treatments. Whether transcription factor (TF)-E3 regulates PD-L1 expression and the tumor microenvironment was...