A sustainable enhancement of bio-cement using immobilised Bacillus sphaericus: Optimization, microstructural properties, and techno-economic analysis for a cleaner production of bio-cementitious mortars

The present study developed a cleaner production bio-cementitious mortars (BCM) using immobilised Bacillus sphaericus activity. In order to achieve a sustainable enhancement of BCM, the effect of curing in distilled water (DW as normal water), deposition medium (DM as controlled nutrient), and runoff water (RW as uncontrolled nutrient) was investigated compared to control cementitious mortars (CCM). The BCM production was optimised based on...