Immune checkpoint programmed death-1 mediates abdominal aortic aneurysm and pseudoaneurysm progression

The causes and pathogenetic mechanisms underlying abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) and pseudoaneurysms are not fully understood. We hypothesized that inhibiting programmed death-1 (PD-1) can decrease AAA and pseudoaneurysm formation in mouse and rat models.Human AAA samples were examined in conjunction with an adventitial calcium chloride (CaCl2) application mouse model and an aortic patch angioplasty rat model. Single-dose PD-1 antibody (4...