Pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma: evidence from recent studies

: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents primary liver cancer and is problematic worldwide because it is the major reason for cancer-related death. Various risk factors for developing HCC include advanced liver fibrosis, alcohol abuse, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), primary biliary cholangitis, and autoimmune hepatitis. Particularly, infection of chronic hepatitis virus is an important risk factor for HCC, although viral activities...