Associations of observed callous–unemotional behaviors in early childhood with conduct problems and substance use over 14 years

Callous–unemotional (CU) behaviors (i.e., low concern and active disregard for others) uniquely predict severe conduct problems and substance use when present by late childhood. Less is known about the predictive utility of CU behaviors displayed in early childhood, when morality is developing and interventions may be more effective. Children aged 4–7 years ( N = 246; 47.6% girls) completed an observational task wherein they were encouraged to...