Computational and experimental characterization of isomers of escin-induced renal cytotoxicity by inhibiting heat shock proteins

Escin is a natural mixture of triterpene saponins, exhibits anti-oedematous properties and promotes venous drainage by oral administration or injection. Upon clinical application of escin, adverse kidney reactions have been reported and the nephrotoxic mechanism responsible for this reaction remains elusive. In the present study, four isomeric escins (β-form: escin Ia and escin Ib; α-form: isoescin Ia and isoescin Ib) were found severely...