The safe zones for endoscopic proximal hamstring repair: a cadaveric assessment of standard portal placement and their relationship to major neurovascular structures

Purpose: To define the anatomical relationship of the major neurovascular structures to the standard endoscopic portals used in endoscopic hamstring repair. A secondary outcome was to determine the safest angle of insertion from each standard portal. Methods: Endoscopic portals were established in the 3 standard locations (lateral, medial, and inferior) and Steinmann pins inserted at various angles. Each hip was dissected and the distance...