Molecular genotyping and phenotyping of Vibrio vulnificus isolated from diseased, brown-marbled grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) in Thailand with preliminary vaccine efficacy analysis

Vibrio vulnificus is the major pathogenic bacterium causing mass mortality in groupers (Epinephelus spp.) culture with symptoms as skin and fins hemorrhages and ulcerative necrosis. Microbiological and biochemical characterizations were used to identify Vibrio spp., but it is ambiguous to distinguish V. vulnificus and others. Therefore, molecular genotypic analysis was applied to identify and typing Vibrio spp. isolated from the diseased...