Doubly Modulated Optical Lattice Clock: Interference and Topology

The quantum system under periodical modulation is the simplest path to understand the quantum nonequilibrium system because it can be well described by the effective static Floquet Hamiltonian. Under the stroboscopic measurement, the initial phase is usually irrelevant. However, if two uncorrelated parameters are modulated, their relative phase cannot be gauged out so that the physics can be dramatically changed. Here, we simultaneously modulate...