From analytical methods to numerical simulations: A process engineering toolbox for 3D concrete printing

This paper compiles selected predictive analytical and numerical tools which can be used to model and understand the mechanisms of importance at different stages during and immediately after extrusion-based 3D printing of cementitious materials. The proposed toolbox covers different aspects of the process including mixing, material transportation, layer deposition, mechanical behavior of the fresh printed structure, and its early curing....