Pathology

Nanotechnology

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Tuberculosis vaccines

Tuberculosis

Vaccine adjuvant

Biology

Antigen

Virology

Liposome

Materials science

Solid lipid nanoparticle

Immunology

Adjuvant

Drug delivery

Delivery system

Biochemistry

Medicine

Pharmacology

Molecular Pharmaceutics

Despite the many advances that have occurred in the field of vaccine adjuvants, there are still unmet needs that may enable the development of vaccines suitable for more challenging pathogens (e.g., HIV and tuberculosis) and for cancer vaccines. Liposomes have already been shown to be highly effective as adjuvant/delivery systems due to their versatility and likely will find further uses in this space. The broad potential of lipid-based delivery systems is highlighted by the recent approval of COVID-19 vaccines comprising lipid nanoparticles with encapsulated mRNA. This review provides an overview of the different approaches that can be evaluated for the design of lipid-based vaccine adjuvant/delivery systems for protein, carbohydrate, and nucleic acid-based antigens and how these strategies might be combined to develop multicomponent vaccines.

Lipid-Based Nanoparticles for Delivery of Vaccine Adjuvants and Antigens: Toward Multicomponent Vaccines