Numerical study on the effects of multiple initial defects on the collapse strength of pipelines under external pressure

A numerical simulation study explores the effects of initial defects on the collapse strength of pipelines under external pressure, with a focus on the coupling effect of multiple initial defects. The collapse strength of pipelines with only one initial defect is studied and the effects of the length and amplitude of the defect are determined. Then, pipelines with multiple initial defects are analysed and the effect of the distance between two...